Asociaciones público-privadas en la reducción de riesgo de desastres El caso de la industria química de Coatzacoalcos, México. / Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Reduction: The Case of the Chemical Industry of Coatzacoalcos, Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29265/gypp.v26i1.209Keywords:
gestión de riesgo, descentralización, emergencia ambiental, asociaciones público-privadas, protección civil, risk management, decentralization, environmental emergency, publicprivate partnerships, civil protectionAbstract
Resumen. Este artículo analiza la implementación de un esquema de reducción de riesgo de desastres asociados a la actividad petroquímica en la ciudad de Coatzacoalcos, en un contexto de descentralización de la gestión de riesgos. El trabajo aborda el papel de las asociaciones público-privadas y el ambiente institucional en torno a las labores locales de protección civil y gestión de riesgos. El artículo identifica los ámbitos de acción de agentes públicos y privados, y analiza el marco legal, los acuerdos políticos informales y las regulaciones fuera del ámbito legal que permiten la colaboración de estos agentes. El estudio muestra que la funcionalidad de estas asociaciones se basa en formas de confianza y colaboración que no tienen como base los principios del marco normativo establecido por el Estado y los acuerdos internacionales en la materia. El estudio concluye que los beneficios y derechos adquiridos a través de redes personales constituyen el apoyo central de este ambiente institucional.
Abstract. This paper analyzes the chemical hazards-related disaster risk reduction (drr) scheme in the petrochemical industry oriented city of Coatzacoalcos (Mexico) in the context of political decentralization. This work addresses the role of public-private partnerships, as well as the institutional environment around civil protection and chemical risk management. The paper identifies the scopes of action of public and private agents, and analyzes the legal framework, the informal political agreements and the non-legal regulations that allow these agents’ collaboration. The study shows that the functionality of these partnerships is based on forms of trust that do not rely entirely on the normative framework established by State organizations and international agreements; the trust that underlies their schemes of collaboration is relatively autonomous from the bureaucratic side of this institutional environment. The study concludes that the benefits and rights accessed through personal networks are the core of the institutional environment around risk governance.
Downloads
References
Arellano, David, Enrique Cabrero, María José Montiel e Israel Aguilar (2011), “Gobierno y administración pública municipal: Un panorama de fragilidad institucionalizada”, en Enrique Cabrero y David Arellano (eds.), Los gobiernos municipales a debate: Un análisis de la institución municipal a través de la encuesta inegi 2009, México, cide, pp. 29-116.
Bozada, Lorenzo y Fernando Bejarano (2006), Los contaminantes orgánicos persistentes en el Istmo mexicano, México, RAPAM/IPEN/PNUMA/ONUD/UNITAR/GEF.
Casado-Izquierdo, José María y María Teresa Sánchez-Salazar (2013), “Coatzacoalcos: Reestructuración urbana e inversión privada en una ciudad media mexicana”, Eure, 39(117), pp. 91-116.
Chhotray, Vasudha y Gerry Stoker (2009), Governance Theory and Practice: A Cross-Disciplinary Approach, Nueva York, Palgrave Macmillan.
Comerio, Mary (2004), “Public Policy for Reducing Earthquake Risks: A US Perspective”, Building Research and Information, 32(5), pp. 403-413.
Coq, Daniel (2003), “Epistemología, economía y espacio-territorio: Del individualismo al holismo”, Revista de Estudios Regionales, 69, pp. 115-136.
Creed, Douglas y Raymond Miles (1996), “Trust in Organizations: A Conceptual Framework Linking Organizational Forms, Managerial Philosophies and the Opportunity Costs of Controls”, en Roderick Kramer y Tom Tyler (eds.), Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theoryand Research, Thousand Oaks, Sage, pp. 16-38.
Eisenstadt, Shmuel y Luis Roniger (1984), Patrons, Clients and Friends: Interpersonal Relations and the Structure of Trust in Society, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Ford, Richard (1999), “Laws’ Territory: A History of Jurisdiction”, Michigan Law Review, 97(4), pp. 843-930.
Greenhalgh, D., P. Chang, P. Maguina, E. Combs, S. Sen y T. Palmieri (2012), “The ABC Daycare Disaster of Hermosillo, Mexico”, Journal of Burn Care and Research, 33(2), pp. 235-241.
Hodge, Graeme, Carsten Greve y Anthony Boardman (2010), “Introduction: The ppp Phenomenon and its Evaluation”, en G. Hodge, C. Greve y A. Boardman (eds.), International Handbook on Public-Private Partnerships, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 3-16.
Hodgson, Geoffrey (1998), “The Approach of Institutional Economics”, Journal of Economic Literature, XXXVI, pp. 166-192.
Kleindorfer, Paul y Howard Kunreuther (1999), “The Complementary Roles of Mitigation and Insurance in Managing Catastrophic Risks”, Risk Analysis, 4(19), pp. 727-738.
Kooiman, Jan (2003), Governing as Governance, Londres, Sage.
Kramer, Roderick (1999), “Trust and Distrust in Organizations: Emerging Perspectives, Enduring Questions”, Annual Review of Psychology, 50(1), pp. 569-598.
Kunreuther, Howard (2001), “Incentives for Mitigation Investment and More Effective Risk Management: The Need for Public-private Partnerships”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 86(1-3), pp. 171-185.
Levitsky, Steven (2007), “From Populism to Clientelism? The Transformation of Labor-based Party Linkages in Latin America”, en Herbert Kitschelt y Steven I. Wilkinson (eds.), Patrons, Clients, and Policies: Patterns of Democratic Accountability and Political Competition, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 206-226.
Lindell, Michael y David Whitney (1995), “Effects of Organizational Environments, Internal Structure and Team Climate on the Effectiveness of Local Emergency Planning Committees”, Risk Analysis, 15(4), pp. 439-447.
Linnerooth-Bayer, Joanne y Reinhard Mechler (2007), “Disaster Safety Nets for Developing Countries: Extending Public-private Partnerships”, Environmental Hazards, 7(1), pp. 54-61.
Lobo, Annie Lizbeth (2010), “Lineamientos para la gestión de riesgos tecnológicos como elemento de sostenibilidad urbana: Caso de estudio Complejo Petroquímico Morón, municipio Juan José Mora, estado Carabobo, Venezuela”, tesis de maestría, Mérida, Universidad
de los Andes.
Martínez, Norma (2004), “Oil Policies and Privatization Strategies in Mexico: Implications for the Petrochemical Sector and its Production Spaces”, Energy Policy, 32, pp. 2035-2047.
Martínez, Norma, María Teresa Sánchez Salazar y José María Casado Izquierdo (2002), “Istmo de Tehuantepec: Un espacio geoestratégico bajo la influencia de intereses nacionales y extranjeros: Éxitos y fracasos en la aplicación de políticas de desarrollo industrial (1820-2002)”, Investigaciones Geográficas: Boletín del Instituto de Geografía,
, pp. 118-135.
Mason, Michael (2003), “Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage: Examining the Evolving Scope for Environmental Compensation in the International Regime”, Marine Policy, 27(1), pp. 1-12.
McEvily, Bill, Vincenzo Perrone y Akbar Zaheer (2003), “Introduction to the Special Issue on Trust in an Organizational Context”, Organization Science, 14(1), pp. 1-4.
Mendoza, Ania y Silke Cram (2010), “Atlas regional de impactos derivados de las actividades petroleras en Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz”, México, Instituto Nacional de Ecología e Instituto de Geografía, UNAM.
Merry, Sally Engle (1988), “Legal Pluralism”, Law and Society Review, 22(5), pp. 869-895.
Mishra, Aneil (1996), “Organizational Responses to Crisis. The Centrality of Trust”, en Roderick Kramer y Tom Tyler (eds.), Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research, Thousand Oaks, Sage, pp. 261-287.
Moreno-Andrade, Saúl Horacio (2006), “Fuerza y esperanza: La construcción del poder político en Agua Dulce, Veracruz”, Ulúa: Revista de Historia, Sociedad y Cultura, 6, pp. 113-146.
______ (2007), Dilemas petroleros: Cultura, poder y trabajo en el Golfo de México, México, ciesas.
Mulinari, Diana, Nora Räthzel y Aina Tollefsen (2010), “Everyday Working Lives in a Transnational Corporation in Mexico: The Contradictory Cooptation of Trade Unionists”, Economic and Industrial Democracy, 32(3), pp. 379-399.
OCDE (Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos) (2013), oecd Reviews of Risk Management Policies: Mexico 2013: Review of the Mexican National Civil Protection System, París, OCDE.
Pansters, Wil (1997), “Theorizing Political Culture in Modern Mexico”, en W. Pansters (ed.), Citizens of the Pyramid: Essays on Mexican Political Culture, Ámsterdam, Thela Publishers, pp. 1-37.
Pattberg, Philipp, Frank Bierman, Sander Chan y Aysem Mert (2012), “Introduction: Partnerships for Sustainable Development”, en P. Pattberg, F. Biermann, S. Chan y A. Mert (eds.), Public-Private Partnerships for Sustainable Development: Emergence, Influence and Legitimacy, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishers, pp. 1-18.
Prévôt-Schapira, Marie-France (1987), “Les travailleurs du pétrole au Mexique. Pouvoir syndical, mobilisation de la force de travail et gestión de l’espace”, Cahiers des Sciences Humaines, 23(2), pp. 273-286.
______ (2009), “Istmo de Tehuantepec. El archipiélago petrolero, territorios entre lo nacional y lo local”, en Emilia Vázquez, Eric Léonárd, Odile Hoffmann y Marie France Prévôt-Schapira (eds.), El Istmo mexicano: Una región inasequible: Estado, poderes locales y dinámicas espaciales (siglos xvi-xxi), México, ciesas, pp. 563-614.
Reed, Maureen y, Shannon Bruyneel (2010), “Rescaling Environmental Governance, Rethinking the State: A Three-dimensional Review”, Progress in Human Geography, 34(5), pp. 646-653.
Sánchez Salazar, María Teresa, Norma Martínez y Maribel Martínez (1999), “Industria petroquímica y cambios socioeconómicos regionales en la costa del Golfo de México: El caso del sureste de Veracruz”, Investigaciones Geográficas: Boletín del Instituto de Geografía, 40, pp. 127-147.
Saunders, Wendy, Karianne de Bruin, Naxhelli Ruiz-Rivera y Hsiang- Chieh Lee (2015), A Comparative Study of Natural Hazard Policy in Taiwan, Mexico, New Zealand and Norway, gns Science Report 2015/005, Lower Hutt, Nueva Zelanda, gns Science.
Scott, Colin (2002), “Private Regulation of the Public Sector: A Neglected Facet of Contemporary Governance”, Journal of Law and Society, 29(1), pp. 56-76.
Scott, Zoë y Marcela Tarazona (2011), Study on Disaster Risk Reduction, Decentralization and Political Economy: Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction, isdr/undp/Oxford Policy Management.
Seele, Andrew (2011), Decentralization, Democratization and Informal Power in Mexico, University Park, The Pennsylvania State University Press.
Sikor, Thomas, Eva Barlösius y Waltina Scheumann (2008), “Introduction: Public-Private Relations and Key Policy Issues in Natural Resource Governance”, en Thomas Sikor (ed.), Public and Private in Natural Resource Governance: A False Dichotomy?, Londres, Earthscan, pp. 1-20.
Skees, Jerry y Barry Barnett (1999), “Conceptual and Practical Considerations for Sharing Catastrophic-Systemic Risks”, Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 21(2), pp. 424-441.
Stewart, Geoffrey, Ramesh Kolluru y Mark Smith (2009), “Leveraging Public-Private Partnerships to Improve Community Resilience in Times of Disaster”, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 39(5), pp. 343-364.
Sitkin, Sim y Nancy Roth (1993), “Explaining the Limited Effectiveness of Legalistic “Remedies” for Trust-Distrust”, Organization Science, 4(3), pp. 367-392.
Tyler, Tom y Roderick Kramer (1996), “Whither Trust?”, en R. Kramer y T. Tyler (eds.), Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research, Thousand Oaks, Sage, pp. 1-15.
Wade, James B. y Anand Swaminathan (2015), “Institutional Environment”, en Mie Augier y David Teece (eds.), The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management, disponible en: http://www.palgraveconnect.com/esm/doifinder/10.1057/9781137294678.0316 [fecha de consulta: 21 de julio de 2015].
Warner, Koko, Nicola Ranger, Swenja Surminski, Margaret Arnold, Joanne Linnnerooth-Bayer, Erwan Michel-Kerjan, Paul Kovacs, Celine Herweijer (2005), Adaptation to Climate Change: Linking Disaster Risk Reduction and Insurance, París, UNISDR.
Weintraub, Jeff (1997), “The Theory and Politics of the Public-Private Distinction”, en Jeff Weintraub y Krishan Kumar (eds.), Public and Private in Thought and Practice: Perspectives on a Grand Dichotomy, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, pp. 1-42.
Wettenhall, Roger (2010), “Mixes and Partnerships through Time”, en Graeme Hodge, Carsten Greve y Anthony Boardman (eds.), International Handbook on Public-private Partnerships, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 17-42.
Wilkinson, Emily (2012), “Why ‘Small is Beautiful’ in Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction: Evidence from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico”, Environmental Hazards, 11(2), pp. 155-171.
Zucker, Lynne (1986), “Production of Trust: Institutional Sources of Economic Structure, 1840-1920”, Research in Organizational Behavior, 8, pp. 53-111.
Downloads
Published
-
Abstract72
-
PDF (Español)41
