La gestión de los valores públicos en asociaciones público-privadas concesionales.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29265/gypp.v30i1.826Palabras clave:
asociaciones público-privadas, valores públicos, rendición de cuentas, transparencia, capacidad de respuesta, calidadResumen
Utilizando el instrumento de las asociaciones público-privadas (APP) del tipo de contrato concesional, los gobiernos logran sus objetivos de política pública cuando delegan la responsabilidad sobre la construcción de infraestructura pública y la provisión de servicios a consorcios privados. Las APP, como instituciones híbridas, incorporan desafíos de agente principal en la implementación de políticas públicas, dado que los agentes privados pueden tener diferentes metas a las de las burocracias. Los gobiernos deben encontrar formas de gestionar los consorcios privados para que implementen objetivos de política pública a pesar de la asimetría de información inherente en las relaciones principal-agente y en presencia de diferentes lógicas institucionales (conflictivas): Estado versus mercado. Es posible que los gobiernos no siempre tengan éxito en la superación de estos conflictos y su fracaso para lograr los objetivos de política pública declarados puede dañar los valores públicos, como la rendición de cuentas, la transparencia, la responsabilidad, la capacidad de respuesta y la calidad. Para determinar empíricamente en qué medida los gobiernos logran salvaguardar los valores públicos en las APP, se ha empleado un estudio de caso múltiple que involucra siete proyectos concesionales en España y los Países Bajos. El análisis demuestra que los gobiernos ejercen control sobre las operaciones de los consorcios privados y, en general, pueden dar cuenta de sus resultados y pueden imponer una “lógica” estatal. Sin embargo, esto no sucede desde el principio, y no todos los valores públicos se conservan simultáneamente.
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