Coaliciones promotoras, perturbaciones externas y cambios en las políticas: Entender la intensidad de la política de control del tabaco en España, México y Uruguay
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29265/gypp.v29i2.781Palabras clave:
tabaco, marco institucional, política de salud, grupos de intereses, cambio socialResumen
Se estudia por qué algunos países tienen políticas más estrictas para el control del tabaco que otros. Se analizaron tres casos que confirman dos hipótesis del marco de las coaliciones promotoras (ACF por sus siglas en inglés). En todos los casos, las políticas se intensificaron, en gran medida, debido a las perturbaciones externas de tipo normativo (PETN); además, sólo en Uruguay se intensificaron las políticas debido a las perturbaciones externas por cambios de gobierno (PECG). Para las PETN los factores que permitieron el cambio en las políticas fueron la durabilidad y la coordinación interna dentro de la coalición minoritaria; mientras que, para las PECG, fue la posición de la nueva coalición gobernante y su capacidad para cambiar la política por sí sola. Cabe notar que PETN fue más importante para España y la PECG fue más relevante para México y Uruguay. Esto debería investigarse a fondo para determinar si existe una relación entre los efectos de las perturbaciones externas y el contexto de cada país.
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